Vertebrae
Any of the bones or segments composing the spinal column, consisting typically of a cylindrical body and an arch with various processes, and forming a foramen, or opening, through which the spinal cord passes.
Any of the bones or segments composing the spinal column, consisting typically of a cylindrical body and an arch with various processes, and forming a foramen, or opening, through which the spinal cord passes.
- Vertebrae Purpose:
- The major function of the vertebral column is protection of the spinal cord
- It also provides stiffening for the body and attachment for the pectoral and pelvic girdles and many muscles.
- In humans an additional function is to transmit body weight in walking and standing.
- When we’re born, our spines consist of 33 individual vertebrae
- You have twelve vertebrae in your thoracic area – the middle portion of the back.
Scapula
Either of two large, flat, triangular bones forming the back part of the shoulder. Also called shoulder blade.
Scapula Purpose:
Either of two large, flat, triangular bones forming the back part of the shoulder. Also called shoulder blade.
Scapula Purpose:
- In anatomy, the scapula (plural scapulae or scapulas) or shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone).
- The scapula is the bone in the back that sticks out like a wing, and connects up to the back of your shoulder.
- It is connected to your clavicle and your upper arm bone.
Radius
The radius or radial bone is one of the two large bones of the forearm, the other being the ulna. It extends from the lateral side of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist and runs parallel to the ulna, which exceeds it in length and size.
Radius Purpose:
The radius or radial bone is one of the two large bones of the forearm, the other being the ulna. It extends from the lateral side of the elbow to the thumb side of the wrist and runs parallel to the ulna, which exceeds it in length and size.
Radius Purpose:
- The radius anchors the muscles in the upper arm and the forearm
- Used for the movements of the hand and arm when there’s movement.
- Forms the elbow joint
- The radius is essential for everyday activities such as writing, drawing, and throwing a ball.
- Normally, the radius and ulna are parallel to each other.
Ribs
Each of a series of slender curved bones articulated in pairs to the spine, protecting the thoracic cavity and its organs.
Ribs purpose:
Each of a series of slender curved bones articulated in pairs to the spine, protecting the thoracic cavity and its organs.
Ribs purpose:
- encloses and protects the heart and lungs
- provides framework for the shoulders, back, chest, and upper abdomen
- helps with respiratory
- 12 pairs of ribs on a human
- In the victorian era the women would remove their lower ribs and shrink their waist with a corset
Humorous
a long bone in the arm or forelimb that runs from the shoulder to the elbow
Humorous purpose:
a long bone in the arm or forelimb that runs from the shoulder to the elbow
Humorous purpose:
- supports many arm functions
- one of the most commonly broken or fractured
- longest bone in the body
- bone that gets pressure when lifting weights or physical exercise
Clavicle
two slender bones, each articulating with the sternum and a scapula and forming the anterior part of the shoulder; collarbone
Clavicle purpose:
two slender bones, each articulating with the sternum and a scapula and forming the anterior part of the shoulder; collarbone
Clavicle purpose:
- acts as a strut to keep the scapula in place so that the arm can hang freely
- transmits physical impact from the upper limb to the axial skeletal
- the most commonly fractured bone in the body
- the pain from them goes mostly to the neck
Tarsals:
seven articulating bones in each foot situated between the lower end of tibia and fibula of the lower leg and metatarsals
Tarsals purpose:
seven articulating bones in each foot situated between the lower end of tibia and fibula of the lower leg and metatarsals
Tarsals purpose:
- help the movement of walking in humans and animals, like cats, dogs, and horses with hoofs
- Adapted to help carry and transfer weight in a bipedal locomotion
- the talus articulate above with the bones of the lower leg to form the ankle joint
- The other six bones act as a strong weight-bearing platform.
Pelvis
the large bony structure near the base of the spine to which the hind limbs or legs are attached in humans and many other vertebrates
Pelvis purpose:
the large bony structure near the base of the spine to which the hind limbs or legs are attached in humans and many other vertebrates
Pelvis purpose:
- Located in the lower torso
- the pelvis is a sturdy ring of bones that protects the delicate organs of the abdominal pelvic cavity while anchoring the powerful muscles of the hip, thigh, and abdomen.
- Throughout childhood, the pelvis is made of many smaller bones that eventually fuse during adulthood to form a more rigid pelvis
- Several bones unite to form the pelvis, including the sacrum, coccyx (tail bone), and the left and right coxal (hip) bones
Fibula
the outer and thinner of the two bones of the human leg, extends from knee to the ankle
Fibula purpose:
the outer and thinner of the two bones of the human leg, extends from knee to the ankle
Fibula purpose:
- plays a significant role in stabilizing the ankle and supporting the muscles of the lower leg
- the fibula merely functions as a support for the tibia.
- runs parallel to the tibia, or shin bone
- fibula is not a structural bone and it is positioned on the outer edge of the lower leg.
Fibula
the outer and thinner of the two bones of the human leg, extends from knee to the ankle
Fibula purpose:
the outer and thinner of the two bones of the human leg, extends from knee to the ankle
Fibula purpose:
- plays a significant role in stabilizing the ankle and supporting the muscles of the lower leg
- the fibula merely functions as a support for the tibia.
- runs parallel to the tibia, or shin bone
- fibula is not a structural bone and it is positioned on the outer edge of the lower leg.
Ulna
the thinner and longer of the two bones in the human forearm, on the side opposite to the thumb.
Ulna purpose:
- the ulna enables the wrist joint to rotate
- perform movements of the arm
- The ulna is the longer, larger and more medial of the lower arm bone
- Essential to throw a ball and drive a car.
Patella
the flat, movable bone at the front of the knee; kneecap.
Patella purpose:
the flat, movable bone at the front of the knee; kneecap.
Patella purpose:
- covers and protects the anterior articular surface of the knee joint
- The kneecap plays a vital role in how the knee bends.
- if the patella is injured, the person is going to have difficulty walking, running, standing, and or engaging in physical activity
- If it's damaged, the tibia and the femur will also get damaged
Skull
A framework of bone or cartilage enclosing the brain of a vertebrate; the skeleton of a person's or animal's head.
Skull purpose:
A framework of bone or cartilage enclosing the brain of a vertebrate; the skeleton of a person's or animal's head.
Skull purpose:
- The skull is a bony structure in the head of most vertebrates (in particular, craniates) that supports the structures of the face and forms a protective cavity for the brain.
- The skull is composed of two parts: the cranium and the mandible.
- The bones that enclose and protect your brain (like a brain case!) form the neurocranium.
- Fourteen bones form the facial skeleton
Sternum
The breastbone; a long, narrow flat bone that serves as the keystone of the rib cage
Sternum purpose:
The breastbone; a long, narrow flat bone that serves as the keystone of the rib cage
Sternum purpose:
- The sternum, or breastbone, is a flat bone at the front center of the chest.
- The ribs and sternum make up what is called the "ribcage." The ribcage protects the lungs, blood vessels, and heart, along with parts of the spleen, stomach, and kidneys from traumatic injury.
- The sternum, commonly known as the breastbone, is a long, narrow flat bone that serves as the keystone of the rib cage and stabilizes the thoracic skeleton. …
- The sternum is located along the body’s midline in the anterior thoracic region just deep to the skin. ... The sternum develops …
Metatarsals
Any of the bones of the foot (metatarsus).
Metatarsals purpose:
Any of the bones of the foot (metatarsus).
Metatarsals purpose:
- Any of several tubular bones between the ankle (tarsal) bones and each of the hindlimb digits, in land vertebrates corresponding to the metacarpal bones of the ...
- The metatarsal bones are connected to the bones of the toe, or phalanges, at the knuckle of the toe, or metatarsophalangeal joint.
- the five metatarsal bones help form longitudinal arches along the inner and outer sides of the foot and a transverse arch at the ball of the foot
- The first metatarsal (which adjoins the phalanges of the big toe) is enlarged and strengthened for its weight-bearing function in standing and walking on two feet.
Femur
the bone of the thigh or upper hind limb, articulating at the hip and the knee
Femur purpose:
the bone of the thigh or upper hind limb, articulating at the hip and the knee
Femur purpose:
- It is the only bone in the thigh. This bone is also one of the strongest bones in the human skeleton.
- It functions in supporting the weight of the body and allowing motion of the lower extremity. The head (at the proximal extremity) of the femur articulates with the acetabulum of the pelvis to form the hip joint .
- The femur is the longest bone in the body.
- The femur is a weight-bearing bone.
Phalanges
a bone of the finger or toe.
Phalanges purpose:
a bone of the finger or toe.
Phalanges purpose:
- The proximal, intermediate, and distal phalanges articulate with one another through inter-phalangeal articulations.
- The thumb and large toe do not possess a middle phalanx. The distal phalanges are the bones at the tips of the fingers or toes.
- Phalanges are bones. There are 14 of them in each hand and foot.
- The phalanges in the hand are commonly called fingers and those in the feet are called toes. Toe bones are usually shorter than the bones in the hand.
Carpals
The third segment consists of nine small bones, the carpals of the wrist or the tarsals of the ankle.
Carpals purpose:
The third segment consists of nine small bones, the carpals of the wrist or the tarsals of the ankle.
Carpals purpose:
- The function of the carpals is to allow for the easy and free movement of the wrist.
- They correspond to the tarsal bones of the rear or lower limb.
- There are eight carpal bones: the scaphoid, the capitate, the trapezium, the trapezoid, the lunate, the triquetral, the pisiform and the hamate.
- any of several small angular bones that in humans make up the wrist
Metacarpals
any of the five bones of the hand.
Metacarpals purpose:
any of the five bones of the hand.
Metacarpals purpose:
- The metacarpals connect the carpal bones of the wrist with the phalanges (fingers).
- The phalanges consist of three sections , the proximal phalanges, the intermediate phalanges, and the distal phalanges. Collectively, these bones make up the structure known as the fingers.
- The hand (or corresponding part of the forelimb)
- The number of metacarpals varies between species: in the basic pentadactyl limb there are five, but this number is reduced in many species.